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Noget jeg fandt på et søsterboard..
I've mentioned this topic before, now here's more hard evidence.
If you'd like the pdf file of this article, please email me your
request and I'll send it as an attachment. It's about 50 pages
long.....so beware before you print it out.
Moncalvo et al's massive revision of the euagaric fungi has just
recently been published (Moncalvo et al. 2002. One hundred and
seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
23:357-400).
This is the most in-depth collaborative research on the taxonomy of
gilled fungi (Agaricales) at current. It's very impressive and
thorough work which took years of research. This article is now
considered the current backbone of molecular mycological taxonomy
among agarics. There are 14 different professional mycologists
listed as authors of this research article, including world respected
Drs. Rytas Vilgalys, Tim Baroni, and Orson Miller Jr. What I am
saying is that I do not dispute any of the reported research
regarding techniques or statistical analyses in this manuscript. It
is very solid work.
In this paper, among numerous other findings, psychoactive and
non-psychoactive species of Psilocybe were shown to fall out in two
unrelated genetic clades. Psilocybe species are NOT monophyletic
based on this data (= meaning NOT of one phylogeny; i.e. NOT of one
evolution). The goal of fungal taxonomy is to find natural
(evolutionary) relationships and systematically name species so that
all clades are monophyletic. This means we will eventually be seeing
a change in genus name among these 2 distinct clades of Psilocybe
species. I can NOT predict what the change will be however.
This is NOT the first time such scientific evidence has been reported
regarding Psilocybe taxonomy. In my opinion, this finding makes
complete sense if you understand how genetic traits are inherited
through time and thousands of generations. What I am saying is that
there is NO doubt in my mind that psychoactive Psilocybes are NOT
related to the inactive species, and that the ability to produce
psilocybin is a trait acquired / lost during evolution thousands of
years ago. Obviously it happened more than once among fungi because
there are other unrelated fungal genera that are known to produce
psilocybin.
Let's not dispute the fact that they are unrelated. What I do want
to dispute / or have problems with is what they are calling this new
clade of psychoactive Psilocybes: 'psychedelia'. I am worried that a
newly erected genus name might follow along with the clade name.
However, understanding how new binomials are formed, it is NOT
scientifically unreasonable that a new genus name will indicate this
group of fungi are psychoactive (in latin). That is the most
distinguishing feature of these 2 groups at present. Freaking science!
Here is an exert section from the article which mentions Psilocybes:
"Clade 106: /psychedelia. Representative taxa: P. cubensis, P.
semilanceata, P. stunzii, P. flmetaria, P. liniformans, P.
cyanescens, and P. subaeruginosa. This clade is composed only of
psilocybin-containing (hallucinogenic) species of Psilocybe, whereas
nonhallucinogenic Psilocybe species are in clade 113. Psilocybin is
also produced in other mushrooms, for instance in Copelandia and
Panaeolus (in clade 79) and several Pluteus species (in clade 53).
/Psychedelia is monophyletic with /stropharioid in the MPF tree......"
"Clade 112: /psilocybe. Representative taxa: P. montana (type species
of Psilocybe) and related non-psilocybin containing species (as
listed in Fig. 2) including Melanotus......."
The closest non-active relatives to active Psilocybes are
stropharioid mushrooms, including Stropharia and Pholiota species.
and If you look at the tree (dendrogram) in figure 2 which spans more
than 9 pages, you will see a rather large genetic distance between
the 2 Psilocybe clades.
Enough said. The facts are represented. They are very different.
I'm just wondering who gets to erect a new species name and what it
will be called.
Stay tuned......
Fungal Kelly
Hehe.. psychedelia.. de opkalder en svampe art efter os.. yipee..
Cheers
Ash [img]images/smiles/icon_biggrin.gif[/img]
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